| The past is prologue: History, review, and meta-analysis of behavioral management |
| | Stajkovic, Alexander D. | U. of California, Irvine | astajkov@gsm.uci.edu | (949) 824-8782 |
| | Luthans, Fred | U. of Nebraska | fluthans1@unl.edu | (402) 472-2324 |
| | Henderson, Gary R. | U. of California, Irvine | ghenders@uci.edu | 949-824-4628 |
| | In this study, we identify reinforcement theory and behavioral management as one of the best known approaches in the entire history of management and organizational behavior, and conduct a meta analysis (73 studies) to examine its effects on employee performance in organizational settings. We found a significant average effect size of d. = .47 (16% improvement), and a significant within-group heterogeneity of effect sizes. To account for this variation, we conducted the theory-driven moderator analysis, which indicated that all three basic reinforcers (money, feedback, and social recognition) had a significant impact on performance, and when in combination, had the only nonsignificant effect (money and social) and the biggest effect (money, feedback and social praise). New directions for theory development, research, and application are discussed with the aim of improving the management of human resources for the 21st Century. |
| | Keywords: Behavioral management; Meta-analysis; Employee performance |
| Patterns of R&D Knowledge Diffusion in the Emergence of a New High Technology Product: The Flat Panel Display Industry from 1969 to 1989 |
| | Spencer, Jennifer W. | U. of Houston | jspencer@uh.edu | 713-743-4661 |
| | Researchers have argued that any new technology's development depends in large part on the industry environment in which
it emerges. By understanding the historical development of one relatively new high technology industry, we will be in a better
position to predict and understand the context of new technologies that are developed as we move into the new millennium.
I use network analysis to track changing patterns of knowledge diffusion within the flat panel display industry from its inception
in the 1960s to the commercialization of the technology in the late 1980s. Contrary to expectations, I found that levels of network
centrality and network density within the global FPD industry network did not increase consistently over time. More surprisingly,
I found that the level of global integration in the industry did not increase steadily over time. There was a sharp increase in the
level of global integration very early in the industry emergence process. Still, however, in the last 5-year period before
commercialization of the technology, firms from North America, Japan, and Europe tended to continue to communicate
with other firms within their national industry more closely than with firms with their primary operations located in foreign
countries.
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| | Keywords: technology; industry emergence; R&D |
| The evolution of social arrangements for shaping and delivering large-scale engineering projects: The search for an elusive optimal model |
| | Floricel, Serghei | U. of Québec -- Trois-Rivières | d236721@er.uqam.ca | (819)-376-5080 ext.3114 |
| | Miller, Roger | U. of Quebec, Montreal | miller.roger@uqam.ca | (514)-987-3000 ext.4256 |
| | Beginning in the 1980s, partnerships of private entrepreneurs, engineering
firms and financial institutions became increasingly involved in the
development, financing and operation of large-scale engineering projects
such as power plants, airports, bridges, transportation systems etc.
Simultaneously, to create a framework for the participation of
private firms, many countries enacted or proposed special laws and
regulations. The history of the large-scale engineering projects shows
that participation of private firms is not new. In fact, in the
nineteenth century, most of the railroad lines were built by
entrepreneurs using private capital. Early power plants and electrical
networks were built the same way. However, beginning in second half
of the nineteenth century and particularly in the first half
of the twentieth century such projects were increasingly often
built by large multifunctional organizations -- regulated
private monopolies, public firms or government agencies.
The paper explores the history of the social arrangements for delivering
large scale engineering projects beginning with the early nineteenth century
and attempts to identify and characterize the major phases in their
evolution. The study of 60 recent large-scale engineering projects
around the world led us to the conclusion that these social arrangements
play a significant role in reducing the uncertainty faced by project
promoters and in anchoring the project against environmental fluctuations
and opportunism, including that of sovereign states. We found three major
historical phases which we term, respectively, entrepreneurial, systemic and
governance. Each phase was characterized by a dominant type of social
arrangements. The paper contrasts the way each of them worked to reduce
uncertainty and anchor the projects and identifies their shortcomings. |
| | Keywords: Institution; Transformation; Practices |